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Indian Airlines Flight 113 was a Boeing 737 flight operating from Mumbai to Ahmedabad that crashed on its final approach to Ahmedabad airport on 19 October 1988, killing 133 of the 135 people on board. The aircraft was registered VT-EAH, delivered in December 1970, and had 42,831 hours and 47,647 landings. ==Incident== The flight was scheduled to depart at 0545 IST but was delayed 20 minutes due to one no-show passenger. IC113 departed Bombay at 0605, and at 0620 contacted Ahmedabad Approach Control. The METAR of 0540 IST was then passed to the aircraft, and again at 0625 the weather of 0610 due to visibility reducing from 6 km to 3 km. Clearance to descend to FL 150 was given at 0632 IST and the aircraft was advised to report at 1700 feet overhead the Ahmedabad VOR. Visibility was 2000 m in haze and the QNH was 1010. The QNH was correctly read back by the aircraft. The pilot decided to carry out localiser-DME approach for runway 23 and reported overhead of Ahmedabad at 0647 IST. The aircraft went outbound and reported turning inbound at 0650 IST. This was the last transmission from the aircraft to ATC. The flight crew did not seek any permission or clearance for landing, nor did they give standard call-outs after 1000 feet. The aircraft's speed was 160 knots, which was more than the prescribed speed, and the pilot should not have descended below 500 feet (Minimum Descent Altitude) unless he had sighted the runway. The cockpit voice recorder conversation between the pilot and the co-pilot showed that both were focused on trying to see the runway and they had mentally made up their mind to go for such a landing and in their anxiety to see the field, they lost track of height. Instead of the pilot-in-command concentrating on the instruments, both the pilot-in-command and the co-pilot were both looking out trying to sight the runway without paying necessary attention to the altimeter and completely lost track of the height.〔 AT 0653 IST the aircraft struck trees and a high-tension pylon and went down on the outskirts of Chiloda Kotarpur village, near the Noble Nagar Housing Society near Ahmedabad. The plane was 2540 meters from the beginning of runway 23.〔 Several NOTAMs had been issued for Ahmedabad airport, specifically the absence of approach lights, glide path was absent from the Instrument Landing System leaving only the localiser available. This still left VASI lights, VOR, DME, and localiser, which was sufficient to land aircraft even with visibility at 1600 M. The Airport Authority says it is a mandatory requirement that the pilot be able to see the runway from 500 feet and that if the pilot had not seen the runway, he should have never descended below 500 feet, and if the runway was visible, he should have been able to land. The fact that the aircraft landed 2.6 km from the airport showed that he had not sighted the runway.〔 The Airport Authority also stated that the VOR had to have been operational at the time, because the pilot was able to make inbound and outbound turns using the VOR as a reference. The localiser also had to have been operational and used by the pilots, because the plane had landed on the extended centerline of the runway. The fact that the aircraft landed 2.6 km from the runway and data collected from the flight's black boxes shows the pilot did not make sure of the airport's DME and VASI lights, and since their altimeter was working correctly, ignored or did not maintain awareness of the aircraft's altitude.〔 It was also determined that the airport did not make Runway Visual Range measurements in the declining visibility situation, as was their duty and fully within their capability, and therefore did not render RVR reports to the pilots.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Indian Airlines Flight 113」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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